But I do not permit women to teach nor usurp authority over a man, but to be in silence (1 Timothy 2:12).
The position of teacher within an assembly, particularly that of a pastor, is to be held only by a man. A woman is not permitted to occupy the office of a pastor or serve as a teacher of men because Eve was thoroughly deceived by Satan and fell into transgression. In doctrinal matters, Satan is able to manipulate the woman in ways he cannot with a man. Adam was not deceived by the serpent’s words to Eve (1 Timothy 2:14). Rather, after she was deceived, Adam partook of the fruit, knowingly and deliberately violating God’s command, assuming he could determine the best course of action in response to the situation into which Eve had placed herself. Therefore, a woman is not to be placed in a role of teaching men, as she is more vulnerable to deception and may lead others to stray from the truth.
She is also not to usurp authority over a man. The term authority here denotes “one who acts on his own authority”—that is, someone who initiates action independently, often through dominance, coercion, or self-directed control.
Within the Church, women are to learn in silence—that is, with a quiet, restful, well-ordered attitude. This type of disposition will counteract the desire to hold a position of authority in which she is teaching men. Scripture never states that a woman cannot speak in the Church. In 1 Corinthians 14:34, when Paul instructs that women are to keep silent, he uses a word that refers to not running the mouth—working the jaw. He is not prohibiting all speech but is addressing the need to refrain from idle talk. Women are not to be engaged in chitchat or casual conversation when they ought to be listening and learning.
Adam was formed first; therefore, the woman is to submit to the man. This submission does not imply unquestioning obedience to his words, as though he holds absolute authority over her. Rather, Paul uses a term that denotes submission for the benefit it brings. By listening attentively with a tranquil spirit and refraining from idle talk, she is positioned to learn, thereby safeguarding herself from deception by Satan.